Environmental Education Solved Question Paper 2022 [AHSEC Class 11 Solved Question Paper]

Environmental Education Question Paper 2022

AHSEC Class 11 Question Paper

Full Marks: 30

Time: 1 hour.

In this post we have provided Environmental Education Solved Question Paper 2022 for AHSEC Class 11. Past Exam Question Papers are very important for Annual Examination because maximum questions are repeated in exams.

Environmental Education Solved Question Paper 2022

The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions.

1. (a) Answer in short (any five): 1×5=5

(1) Define biodiversity.

Ans: The term ‘biological diversity’ commonly shortened to biodiversity refers to the number, variety, and variability of all life forms on earth.

(2) Which day is observed as the ‘World Environment Day’?

Ans: 5th June

(3) What is the name of the solid mantle of the earth?

Ans: The lithosphere is the solid, outer part of the Earth, extending to a depth of about 100 kilometres (62 miles).

(4) Write the full form of NDRF.

Ans: NDRF: National Disaster Response Force

(5) Write the name of a biosphere reserve of Assam.

Ans: Manas BR and Dibru Saikhowa BR are the two biosphere reserves of Assam.

(6) What is food web?

Ans: A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community.

(7) Give example of one lotic aquatic ecosystem.

Ans: River and Streams are prime examples of lotic ecosystems

(8) What do you mean by climate change?

Ans: Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. These shifts may be both natural and due to human activities such as burning of fossil fuels (like coal, oil, and gas), which produces heat-trapping gases.

(b) Fill in the blanks (any three): 1×3=3

(1) Uranium is non-renewable energy resource.

(2) Cholera is a bacterial disease.

(3) Tiger is secondary level consumer of ecosystem.

(4) Frog is secondary level consumer of ecosystem.

(5) ‘The First Decade of Action for Road Safety’ is 2011-2020.

2. Write short accounts of (any five): 2×5=10

(a) Food chain.

Ans: Food Chain: The transfer of food energy from the producers, through a series or organism with repeated eating and being eaten, is known as a food chain. Producers utilise the radiant energy of Sun, which is transformed to chemical from during photosynthesis. The energy as stored in food matter manufactured by green plants is then utilised by the plant eaters herbivorous. Herbivorous in turn are eaten by the Carnivorous. These in turn may be eaten still by other carnivorous. Some organisms are Omnivorous eating the producers as well as the Carnivorous at their lower level in the food chain.

(b) Acid rain.

Ans: Oxides of sulphur and nitrogen originating from industrial operations and fossil fuel burning are the major sources of acid forming gases in the atmosphere. When sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are transported by prevailing winds, they come in contact with water vapour and form sulphuric acid and nitric acid respectively. These chemical substances come down to the earth’s surface in two forms – wet and dry (as acidic particles). The resulting mixture is called acidic deposition or commonly called acid rain.

(c) Greenhouse effect.

Ans: The greenhouse effect is the way in which heat is trapped close to Earth’s surface by “greenhouse gases.” These heat-trapping gases can be thought of as a blanket wrapped around Earth, keeping the planet toastier than it would be without them. Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, and water vapour.

(d) Ex situ conservation.

Ans: Ex-situ: In this approach, threatened animals and plants are taken out from their natural habitat and placed in special setting where they can be protected and given special care. Zoological parks, botanical gardens and wildlife safari parks serve this purpose. There are many animals that have become extinct in the wild but continue to be maintained in zoological parks. In recent years ex situ conservation has advanced beyond keeping threatened species in enclosures.

(e) Sources of sound pollution.

Ans: There are several sources of noise that contribute to both indoor and outdoor noise pollution.

• Industries/ Factories

• Poor urban planning

• Construction activities

• Household chores

• Transportation/ vehicles

• Playing of loud speakers during festivals/ social events

• Fire crackers

• Microphones

• Television

(f) Ecosystem.

Ans: An ecosystem is a community of organisms involved in a dynamic network of biological, chemical and physical interactions between themselves and with the non-living components.

Each ecosystem has two main components (Structure):

(1) Abiotic Components: Ans. The physical and chemical components of an ecosystem constitute the abiotic structure. Under chemical components, major nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, oxygen, potassium etc.

(2) Biotic Components: The plants, animals and the micro-organisms present in an ecosystem form the biotic component. Biotic components may be divided into Autotrophs and Heterotrophs.

(g) The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

Ans: This is an act to provide for the protection of wild animals, birds, and plants and also their habitats.

• It deals with the declaration of National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries and their notification.

• It establishes the structure of the State’s wildlife management.

• It provides for setting up Wildlife Advisory Boards.

• It prohibits hunting of all animals specified in Schedules I to IV of the Act.

• This act defines animals as “amphibians, birds, mammals, and reptiles, and their young, and also includes, in the cases of birds and reptiles, their eggs”.

• Under this Act, comprehensive listing of endangered wildlife species was done for the first time and prohibition of hunting of the endangered species was mentioned.

• The act imposes a ban on the trade or commerce in scheduled animals.

(h) Causes of threats to biodiversity.

Ans: The term ‘biological diversity’ commonly shortened to biodiversity refers to the number, variety, and variability of all life forms on earth. There have been threats of biodiversity from different angles such as:

a) Habitat destruction.

b) Overgrazing.

c) Poaching.

d) Natural calamities.

e) Climate change and global warming.

f) Bio piracy.

3. Define and distinguish (any four): (2+1) x 4=12

(1) Producer and Consumer.

Ans: Autotrophs or Producers: Producers are organisms that produce their own food using energy from the sun through a process called photosynthesis. The most common producers in terrestrial ecosystems are plants, while in aquatic ecosystems, they can include algae and phytoplankton.

Heterotrophs or Consumers: Consumers are organisms that obtain energy and nutrients by feeding on other organisms. There are three main types of consumers: herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Herbivores eat only plants, carnivores eat only other animals, and omnivores eat both plants and animals.

(2) Lithosphere and Hydrosphere.

Ans: The lithosphere is made up of all the hard and solid land mass on the earth’s surface, the semi-solid rocks (molten materials) underneath the earth crust, and the liquid rocks in the inner core of the earth. The hydrosphere includes all the gaseous, liquid, and solid water of the planet earth. The hydrosphere stretches all the way from the Earth’s surface downward numerous miles into the lithosphere and high above the crust into the atmosphere.

(3) Pollutant and Pollution.

Ans: The term pollution was derived from the Latin word ‘pollotioneum’ which means to make dirty. A substance present in the environment in greater proportion than its natural abundance and resulting in harmful or detrimental effect is called a pollutant and this phenomenon is called pollution.

Difference between pollutant and pollution:

1. Pollution is an act in which the waste materials and the toxic substances harm our soil, air, water environment and space. The Pollution causing substances or foreign materials which cause pollution is refereed as “pollutants”.

2. Types of Pollution are Water Pollution, Air Pollution, and Noise Pollution etc. While some of the types of Pollutants are polythene, waste materials, garbage etc.

3. Pollution is mostly caused by the acts of human being. Pollutants are mostly materials manufactured by human being.

(4) Renewable and Non-renewable resources.

Ans: Renewable resources: Renewable resources are resources that are in-exhaustive and can be regenerated within a given span of time e.g. Crops, solar energy, forest, wildlife etc. Such resources are being continuously consumed by living beings but renewed by nature.

Non-renewable resources: Non-renewable resources are resources that which cannot be regenerated by nature after being consumed. Such resources are available only in finite quantities e.g. fossil fuel like coal, petroleum, minerals like iron, copper etc.

Difference between Renewables resources and Non-renewable resources

Basis of difference	Renewable Resources	Non-renewable resources
Meaning	Renewable resources are resources that are in-exhaustive and can be regenerated within a given span of time.	Non-renewable resources are resources that which cannot be regenerated by nature after being consumed.
Sources	Renewable resources mainly includes solar energy, wind, water etc.	Non-renewable resources mainly includes fossil fuels, minerals, nuclear energy etc.
Exhaustibility	These resources are inexhaustible in nature.	These resources are exhaustible in nature.
Depletion	These resources cannot be depleted over time.	These resources are depleted over time.

(5) Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable wastes.

(6) Road marking and Zebra crossing.

(7) Atmosphere and Biosphere.

(8) Infrastructure factor and Mechanical factor.

4. Answer the following questions (any two): 5×2=10

(a) Describe the various air pollutants.

Ans: Air pollution comes from many different sources. Some sources are natural such as windblown dust and smoke from wildfires. Other sources are man-made such as emissions from factories, power plants, automobiles, construction equipment, small businesses (I.E. print shops, auto body shops, gas stations, dry cleaners, etc.) and open burning. These air pollutants can be solids, liquids, or gases. Air pollution can cause adverse health effects in humans and animals, influence climate change, and damage our environment. Although we may not have control over natural sources of air pollution, we do have control over man-made sources. Various agencies create air quality regulations requiring the reduction of pollutants but regulations can only do so much. It is also up to individuals to understand how the decisions that they make everyday can contribute to air pollution.

– Some the important man-made source of air pollution are:

a) Deforestation.

b) Burning of fossil fuels.

c) Emission from vehicles.

d) Rapid industrialization.

e) Modern agricultural practices.

Major Natural Sources of air pollution are as follows:

a) Forest fires: Very large quantities of smoke and particulate matter are liberated during their breakout.

b) Decomposition of organic and inorganic substances: Methane gas, carbon dioxide are released into the air.

c) Dust: Dust is always present in the atmosphere in varying amount.

(b) Write few importance of health and hygiene.

(c) What do you mean by global warming? Mention two consequences of global warming.

Ans: Meaning of Global Warming: Due to different natural as well as anthropogenic activities the concentration of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased during the past several decades. Scientists estimate that the earth’s average temperature has increases by 0.3 – 0.6^0CC since the beginning of the last century. The rise in temperature due to the blanketing effect of increased level of greenhouse gases is termed as global warming.

Effects of Global Warming

1. Global mean sea level is projected to rise by 9 to 88cm by the year 2100.This will seriously affect various Nations especially Nile delta in Egypt, Ganga -Brahmaputra delta in Bangladesh, Maldives Island, etc.

2. Human societies will be severely affected by extreme climatic conditions such as droughts and floods. The situation of non-availability of food, shelter and safe drinking water will lead to the disaster of mankind.

(d) What are the major causes of deforestation in Northeast India?

Ans: Causes of deforestation in Northeast India:

a) Conversion from forest to agricultural land to meet the growing food needs.

b) Infrastructure development like roads, bridges, industries etc.

c) Encroachment by illegal immigrants.

d) Illegal extraction of forest products like timbers.

e) Increased population has led to increasing demand for fuel wood which is also acting as an important deforestation agent, particularly in dry forest.

f) Forest provides raw material for industry and it has exerted tremendous pressure on forest.

g) Urbanisation of forests for the settlement of increased population.

h) Fire in forests due to voidable and unavoidable reason.

i) Jhum cultivation which is considered as shifting cultivation.

i) Mining

(e) Write the role of students in disaster management.

Ans: Students are obligatory and highly sensitive part of the society. Today’s students are tomorrows citizen. So students can play a vital role in disaster management. Like:

1. During earthquake, one should take shelter under the hard frames of the doors, corner of the house, strong table/beds or in open spaces.

2. One should never take shelter under electric wire/posts, tall trees, water tanks, windows or furniture with glasses, kitchen, bathrooms.

3. The Almirah, rack and furniture in the bedrooms or living rooms should be fixed properly.

4. A bag containing of emergency items like drinking water, foods, first aids, whistle, torch lights should be kept near the main entrance of the house for use in an emergency situation.

5. Precautionary and prohibitionary measures imposed by the administration in such situations should strictly be followed.

(f) Write about the national conservation strategies.

Ans: There are two main methods of conservation – in-situ and ex-situ conservation.

1. In-situ conservation:

In-situ conservation refers to the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats in which species live. It involves the protection and preservation of natural ecosystems, such as forests, wetlands, grasslands, and marine habitats, in their original habitats. Some methods of in-situ conservation are:

a) Protected Areas: Protected areas such as national parks, wildlife sanctuaries,and biosphere reserves are established to conserve the natural habitats and biodiversity of a region.

b) Habitat restoration: Restoration of degraded ecosystems and habitats can help to conserve biodiversity.

c) Community-based conservation: Involving local communities in conservation activities can help to conserve biodiversity and promote sustainable use of natural resources.

d) Sustainable use of resources: Sustainable management and use of natural resources, such as forests, can help to conserve biodiversity.

2. Ex-situ conservation:

Ex-situ conservation refers to the conservation of biodiversity outside its natural habitats. It involves the conservation of species in areas such as zoos, botanical gardens, seed banks, and gene banks. Some methods of ex-situ conservation are:

a) Captive breeding: Captive breeding involves breeding endangered species in captivity to increase their population size.

b) Seed banks: Seed banks store seeds of endangered plant species for future use.

c) Gene banks: Gene banks store genetic material from endangered species for future use.

d) Botanical gardens: Botanical gardens conserve and propagate rare and endangered plant species.