NIOS Free Solved Assignment [TMA] 2022 – 2023
Environmental Science 333 Free Solved Assignment [TMA] 2022 – 23
Tutor Marked Assignment
Max. Marks: 20
In this article, you will get Environmental Science 333 Free Solved Assignment [TMA] 2022-23. You will solved assignment of other subjects in our page nios solved assignment 202-23.
Note:
(i) All questions are compulsory. The marks allotted for each question are given beside the questions.
(ii) Write your name, enrollment number, AI name, and subject on the first page of the answer sheet.
1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words. 2
(a) Why do we call earth a habitable planet in universe? Give at least two reasons in support of your answer. (See Lesson-1)
Ans: We call earth a habitable planet in universe because of the following two reasons:
1. Earth is the right distance from the Sun due to which it is protected from harmful solar radiation.
2. Earth has the right chemical ingredients for life, including water and carbon.
(b) “Metal conservation is one step to avoid metal depletion.” Justify this statement with suitable examples. Give two examples of how will you do this in daily life. (See Lesson-16)
Ans: Answer of any one question is necessary
2. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words. 2
(a) Describe two ways to conserve and protect soil for future generation. (See Lesson-17)
Ans: Soil is a very important constituent of the lithosphere. It is a complex physio-biological system containing water, mineral salts, nutrients and dissolved oxygen. It is a resource for which there is no substitute so it becomes necessary to protect and conserve soil for future generation. Some the ways are:
1. Launching extensive afforestation and community forestry programmes
2. Reducing the use of chemicals and fertilizer and encouraging the use of bio pesticides in the place of toxic chemical pesticides.
(b) “Afforestation (Plantation Forest) can never replace the natural forest.” Justify this statement with suitable examples. Do you agree with this statement? (See Lesson-7)
Ans: Answer of any one question is necessary
3. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words. 2
(a) Describe two effects of modern agricultural methods on agriculture land. (See Lesson-20)
Ans: Agriculture is the world’s oldest and largest industry. Now a day’s new agriculture methods are used which have both primary and secondary environmental effects. A primary effect is an effect on the area where the agriculture takes place i.e. onsite effect. A secondary effect, also called an off-site effect, is an effect on an environment away from the agricultural site. Two main impacts of modern agricultural methods on agriculture land are:
1. Regional Effects: This is caused by the combined effects of farming practices in the same large region.Regional effects include deforestation, desertification, large scale pollution, increase in sedimentation in
2. Local Effects: Soil erosion and increase in sedimentation downstream in local rivers in the vicinity of the agricultural land can be called local effects. Fertilizers carried by sediments can also transport toxins and destroy the local fish population.
(b) There is a famous Sanskrit verse/saying:
“Sarve Bhavantu Sukhinah, Sarve Santu Niramaya”
“May all be sinless and may all experience happiness.”
Explain this verse or saying in terms of environmental conservation. (See Lesson-26)
Ans: Answer of any one question is necessary
4. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 – 150 words. 4
(a) What will happen, if the balance necessary between Biotic, and Abiotic components gets disturbed? (See Lesson-12)
Ans: The living portion of the ecosystem is called its biotic component and abiotic component is its non-living portion. All the living organisms in an area live in communities of plants and animals. They interact with their abiotic environment and with each other. Living organisms cannot survive without their non-living environment as this provides food and energy for the former’s survival, Thus, the balance between biotic and abiotic components are necessary but sometimes it gets disturbed which causes the following problems:
1. Global warming means increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s near-surface air and the oceans. Climate change results from the global warming and caused in turn the presence and accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), are released into the air by the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas as well as biomass. The emission of these greenhouse gases is a main reason for global warming. Global warming is also caused by land use change, for example in the burning of forests that reduces forest cover and leads to deforestation.
2. Floods, droughts and landslides become more prevalent in such areas where there is disruption of balance between biotic and abiotic components. Forests are the repositories of invaluable gifts of nature in the form of biodiversity and by destroying them (particularly, the tropical rain forests), we are going to lose these species even before knowing them.
(b) Draw the symbol of eco mark in India. Who issues this symbol? What message is being conveyed through this symbol? (See Lesson-22)
Ans: Answer of any one question is necessary
5. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 – 150 words. 4
(a) (i) India gets plenty of rainfall, but is not able to utilize it properly. Do you agree? Justify with reason. (See Lesson-27A)
(ii) Give two evidences to show that ground water plays an important role in agriculture sustainability. (See Lesson-28A)
Ans: Answer of any one question is necessary
(b) (i) Do you think fossil fuel is responsible for environmental degradation? Justify. (See Lesson-27B)
Ans: Climate change results from the global warming and caused in turn the presence and accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH 4), are released into the air by the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas as well as biomass.
Due to the burning of fossil fuel (coal, oil & natural gas) chemicals such as Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, etc. are formed in the atmosphere, and they mix with atmospheric air and other chemicals resulting in sulfuric acid, nitric acid and other harmful pollutants like sulfates and nitrates which are highly soluble in water. During the rains, these oxides react with large quantities of water vapour of the atmosphere and becomes acidic resulting in a condition called acid rains.
(ii) How does photovoltaic cell work to produce electricity? (See Lesson-28B)
Ans: A photovoltaic (PV) cell, commonly called a solar cell, is a non-mechanical device that converts sunlight directly into electricity. Some PV cells can convert artificial light into electricity.
Sunlight is composed of photons, or particles of solar energy. These photons contain varying amounts of energy that correspond to the different wavelengths of the solar spectrum.
A PV cell is made of semiconductor material. When photons strike a PV cell, they may reflect off the cell, pass through the cell, or be absorbed by the semiconductor material. Only the absorbed photons provide energy to generate electricity. When the semiconductor material absorbs enough sunlight (solar energy), electrons are dislodged from the material’s atoms.
Special treatment of the material surface during manufacturing makes the front surface of the cell more receptive to the dislodged, or free, electrons so that the electrons naturally migrate to the surface of the cell.
6. Prepare any one project out of the given below: 6
(a) Survey a nearby ecosystem, and prepare a brief report. Collect information about your nearby ecosystem which may be a park, a terrace garden, a river, an agricultural field, a forest, or even an aquarium in your house. Prepare a power point presentation or a scrap book or an illustrated report with photographs/ pictures (from books/journals/internet etc.) or relevant tables or data.
You need to include following information to prepare your project report:
(i) Name of the place (Village/Town/City).
(ii) Kind of ecosystem.
a. Natural ecosystem.
b. Human modified ecosystem.
(iii) Specific characteristics of ecosystem.
(iv) Major components of ecosystem.
(v) Advantages of an ecosystem.
(vi) Comments on impact of human activities, if any
Ans: Answer of any one question is necessary
(b) Survey to your household energy use, and ways to minimize its waste.
This project will help you to assess the energy consumption; money spent on energy sources, and minimizes the wastage of energy. You can prepare a questionnaire to collect data related to energy resource used, its consumption level, mode of wastage of different resources, and suggestion to minimize the wastage. Present your relevant data in a tabular form or write a brief report up to 200 words. You may also use photographs/ pictures/ drawing of appliances that are being used at your home.
Sample questionnaire is as follows:
(i) Name and Address:
(ii) Various types of energy used at your home:
(iii) Monthly electricity bill: A photocopy of previous bill.
(iv) Amount of paid bill:
(v) List out electric appliances used in daily life at your home.
(vi) Suggestions to give your family members to save energy.
You can write all information in tabular form. Sample table is as follows:
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Sources of energy |
Appliances using the energy resources |
Money spent for each sources per month |
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Note: You can also take help from the lesson-18 and 31-B of your Environmental Science course book or any other resources for preparation of your questionnaire, and report.
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